google.com, pub-9220471781781135, DIRECT, f08c47fec0942fa0 Learn to speak English: 2010

Friday, November 19, 2010

Antecedent and Anaphor

 An antecedent is a linguistic expression which provides the interpretation for a second expression (anaphor) which has little meaning of its own.

An antecedent is usually a noun phrase.
An antecedent usually comes before its anaphor.


·        If you see Ram, give him your shirt. (Antecedent – Ram; anaphor – him)
·        He went to his shop. (Antecedent – he; anaphor – his)
·        Ravi injured himself playing Volleyball. (Antecedent Ravi; anaphor – himself)


An antecedent occasionally follows its anaphor.
An anaphor that precedes its antecedent is sometimes called a cataphor.


·        If you see him, give Ram your shirt.


Antecedent and its anaphor can be in different sentences.


·        Palaniappan is my brother. He is a merchant. (Antecedent – Palaniappan; anaphor – he)



An antecedent can be a verb phrase, an adjective phrase or a prepositional phrase.


·        My father asked me to open the door and I did it. (The antecedent ‘open the door’ is the verb phrase)

·        John thought Devi was in hospital, but he didn’t find her there. (The antecedent ‘in hospital’ is the prepositional phrase)



Antecedent can be a complete sentence.


·        Sita: Arun is teaching English.
·        Ragu: Who told you that?


The anaphor ‘that’ refers to the complete sentence ‘Arun is teaching English’.

Monday, November 8, 2010

Acrostics

 An acrostic is a poem written where the first letter of each line put together spells a word. The poem also tells something about the word thus made out.

An example:
In the grass or underground
Now and then they fly around
Slugs and worms and butterflies.
Each has its own shape and size.
Caterpillar, gnats, a bee
Take them all away from me!

English the funniest language

 We will begin with BOX and the plural is BOXES.
But the plural OX should be OXEN and not OXES.
Then one fowl is GOOSE but two are GEESE.
Yet the plural of MOUSE should never be MEESE.
You may find a lone MOUSE or a whole set of MICE.
But the plural of HOUSE is HOUSES not HICE.
If plural of MAN be always MEN
Why shouldn’t the plural for PAN be PEN?
If I speak of a FOOT and then you show me your FEET.
And I give a BOOT, would a pair be called BEET?
If one is TOOTH and a whole set are TEETH,
Why shouldn’t the plural of BOOTH be BEETH?
The one may be THAT and three may be THOSE.
Yet HAT in the plural would never be HOSE.
And the plural CAT is CATS not COSE.
We speak of BROTHER and also BRETHEREN.
But though we say MOTHER we never say MOTHEREN.
Then the masculine pronouns are HE, HIS and HIM
But imagine the feminine SHE, SHIS and SHIM!!
So English, I fancy, you will agree
Is the
FUNNIEST LANGUAGE you ever did see!
                              - Leo Angela Rupert

Telephone Language and Phrases


Answering the phone

·       Good morning/afternoon/evening, Geetha Stores, Rani speaking.
·       Who's calling, please?


Introducing yourself

·       This is Ram speaking.
·       Hello, this is Murugan from PR Transports.


Asking for someone

·       Could I speak to Dr. Raju, please?
·       I'd like to speak to Dr. Raju, please.
·       Could you put me through to Dr. Raju, please?


Explaining

·       I'm afraid Dr. Raju isn't in at the moment.
·       I'm sorry; he's in a meeting at the moment.
·       I'm afraid he's on another line at the moment.


Putting someone on hold

·       Just a moment, please.
·       Could you hold the line, please?
·       Hold the line, please.


Problems

·       I'm sorry, I don't understand. Could you repeat that, please?
·       I'm sorry; I can't hear you very well. Could you speak up a little, please?
·       I'm afraid you've got the wrong number.
·       I've tried to get through several times but it's always engaged.
·       Could you spell that, please?


Putting someone through

·       One moment, please. I'll see if Dr. Raju is available.
·       I'll put you through.
·       I'll connect you.
·       I'm connecting you now.


Taking a message


·       Can I take a message?
·       Would you like to leave a message?
·       Can I give him/her a message?
·       I'll tell Dr. Raju that you called.
·       I'll ask him/her to call you as soon as possible.
·       Could you please leave your number? I shall ask him to get back to you.

Monday, October 25, 2010

Opposite Proverbs / Proverb Opposites / Contrary Proverbs / Antonym Proverbs

  • A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. X A man’s reach should exceed his grasp.
  • Absence makes the heart grow fonder. X Out of sight, out of mind.
  • A good beginning makes a good ending. X  It's not over till it's over. 
  • All good things come to those who wait. X Time and tide wait for no man. 
  • A miss is as good as a mile.  X   Half a loaf is better than no bread.
  • An old fox is not easily shared. X  There's no fool like an old fool. 
  • Ask no questions and hear no lies. X  Ask and you shall receive. 
  • Better safe than sorry.  X  Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
  • Birds of a feather flock together. X Opposites attract.
  • Blood is thicker than water. X Many kinfolk, few friends.
  • Clothes make the man. X  Never judge a book by its cover. 
  • Dig the well before you are thirsty. X  Don't cross the bridge till you come to it.
  • Do it well, or not at all. X Half a loaf is better than none.
  • Do not build castles in the air. X Dreaming is the birth of achievement.
  • Don’t change horses in midstream. X Variety is the spice of life.
  • Don’t cross the bridge till you come to it. X Forewarned is forearmed.
  • Doubt is the beginning, not the end, of wisdom. X Faith will move mountains.
  • Face is the index of mind. X Do not judge the book by its cover.
  • Good things come in small packages.  X   The bigger the better
  • Great starts make great finishes. X  It ain't over until it's over.
  • He who hesitates is lost X Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
  • He who hesitates is lost. X Look before you leap. 
  • Hold fast to the words of your ancestors. X Wise men make proverbs and fools repeat them.
  • If at first you don’t succeed, try again. X Don’t beat a dead horse.
  • If you lie down with dogs, you’ll get up with fleas. X If you can’t beat’em join’em.
  • Look before you leap. X Strike while the iron is hot.
  • Practice makes perfect. X All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
  • Seeing is believing. X Eyes and ears may be deceiving.
  • Silence is golden. X  The squeaky wheel gets the grease.
  • Slow and steady wins the race .X Time waits for no man.
  • Speech is silver, silence is gold.  X  Only the squeaky wheel gets the oil.
  • The best things in life are free. X There’s no such thing as a free lunch.
  • The pen is mightier than the sword.  X  Actions speak louder than words.
  • There's safety in numbers. X  Too many cooks spoil the broth. 
  • The best things come in small packages. X  The bigger, the better. 
  • Too many cooks spoil the broth. X Many hands make light work.
  • There’s safety in numbers. X Better be alone than in bad company.
  • Too many cooks spoil the broth. X Two heads are better than one.
  • Truth alone triumphs. X  The honest prisoner was whipped.
  • What's good for the goose is good for the gander. X  One man's meat is another man's poison. 
  • Wise men think alike. X  Fools seldom differ.
  • You never know what can be done until you try to do it. X  Look before you leap.
  • You're never too old to learn. X  You can't teach an old dog new tricks.

Some nouns related to family

Exercise (Workout):

This may be considered as a basic level simple test for you.

Write down the equivalent names or meanings of the following terms in your own language.

You can also inform others by making comments.

·        Aunt
·        Boyfriend
·        Bride
·        Bridegroom
·        Brother
·        Brother-in-law
·        Child
·        Children
·        Cousin
·        Dad
·        Daughter
·        Daughter-in-law
·        Father
·        Father-in-law
·        Fiancé
·        Fiancée
·        Girlfriend
·        Godchild
·        Goddaughter
·        Godfather
·        Godmother
·        Godson
·        Grandchild
·        Granddad
·        Granddaughter
·        Grandfather
·        Grandma
·        Grandmother
·        Grandpa  
·        Grandson
·        Granny
·        Groom
·        Husband
·        Mom
·        Mother
·        Mother-in-law
·        Mum 
·        Mummy 
·        Nephew
·        Niece
·        Parent
·        Parents
·        Parents-in-law
·        Sister
·        Sister-in-law
·        Son
·        Son-in-law
·        Spouse
·        Uncle
·        Wife 

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Differences between EFL and ESL, ESOL and TESOL, TOEFL and GRE, etc


·        EFL: English as a Foreign Language (A teacher who teaches English to speakers of other languages in a non-English speaking country teaches EFL)

·        ESL: English as a Second Language (An English teacher from an English speaking country teaches ESL at an English speaking country)

·        ESOL: English for Speakers of Other Languages

·        TESOL: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

·        TEFL: Teaching English as a Foreign Language

·        TESL: Teaching English as a Second Language

·        ELL: The English language learner

·        TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language

·        ETS: Educational Testing Services

·        GRE: Graduate Record Examination

English proverbs explained

Proverbs and their meanings

  • A bad workman always blames his tools - A careless or unskilled worker blames bad work on his tools rather than himself.

  • A bird in hand is worth two in the bush - Something that one already has is better than going after something seemingly more worthwhile that one may not be able to get.

  • A burnt child dreads fire - A bad experience or a horrifying incident may scar one's attitude or thinking for a lifetime.

  • A chicken and egg question-A mysterious question which can't be answered

  • A constant guest is never welcome-We are apt to grow to dislike friends who visit us too often

  • A contented mind is a perpetual feast-Contentment of mind is the cause of lasting happiness.

  • A fool and his money are soon parted-A person who spends his money foolishly will soon be penniless

  • A friend in need is a friend indeed - A friend who helps when one is in trouble is a real friend.

  • A good name is sooner lost than won-It takes a long time to build up a good reputation which can be easily destroyed by misconduct.

  • A great talker is a great liar -A smooth and persuasive talker may be a good liar.

  • A house divided against itself cannot stand-Discord breaks up families.

  • A hungry man is an angry man - A person who does not get what he wants or needs is a frustrated person and will be easily provoked to rage.

  • A job worth doing is a job worth doing well-When you do something you should do it as well as you can.

  • A leopard cannot change its spots - A person's nature cannot change.

  • A light purse makes a heavy heart-We cannot be cheerful when we have financial problems.

  • A man is as old as he feels - A person's age is immaterial - it is only when he thinks and feels that he is ageing that he actually becomes old.

  • A miss is as good as a mile - Something that one already has is better than something that one may not be able to get

  • A new broom sweeps clean - A person newly appointed is always eager and enthusiastic in his work.

  • A nod is as good as a wink-A hint or suggestion can be accepted and acted upon without further elaboration.

  • A penny saved is a penny gained - By being thrifty one will be able to save up.

  • A rolling stone gathers no moss - A person who never settles in one place or who often changes his job will not succeed in life; one who is always changing his mind will never get anything done.

  • A rose by any other name would smell just as sweet-It is not what a thing is called that matters, but what it is.

  • A stitch in time saves nine- By taking immediate action we can prevent a fault, damage or trouble from getting worse

  • A straw will show which way the wind blows- A small incident can reveal an important event

  • A thing of beauty is a joy forever- It means that though something beautiful may not last, the happy memory of it will live forever.

  • A trouble shared is a trouble halved - Your troubles seem half as great when you discuss them with someone else

  • A watched pot never boils - If you watch or wait for something to get done or to happen it seems to take forever

  • Absence makes the heart grow fonder -One usually desires another more when he or she is far away.

  • Actions speak louder than words - Children usually learn more from the examples set by their elders than from what they are told; a person's character is judged by the thing she does and not by what he says; actions give evidence or proof of.

  • All that glitters is not gold - Do not be deceived by things or offers that appear to be attractive.

  • All's fish that comes the net-When something comes our way we should consider how it might be useful or benefit us.

  • An apple a day keeps the doctor away-It means that apples are so nutritious they keep you in the peak of health.

  • An exception to the rule-Something does not conform to or agree with a rule

  • An idle brain is the devil's workshop - One who has nothing to do will be tempted to do many mischievous acts.

  • An ounce of discretion is worth a pound of wit - It is better to be careful and discrete than to be clever.

  • An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure-It is even better to be cautious and prevent a misfortune or an accident from happening.

  • Any time means no time - When an event is not decided on or planned earlier it will never take place.

  • As you make your bed so must you lie on it -You must accept the consequences of your act

  • As you sow, so you shall reap - One will either enjoy or suffer the consequences of his earlier actions or inactions.

  • Barking dogs seldom bite - Those who make loud threats seldom carry them out.

  • Be on the safe side-To take special precautions to avoid making a mistake

  • Beauty is in the eye of the beholder-What is beautiful to one person may not be beautiful to others.

  • Beggars can't be choosers-Someone in need should be grateful for what is given to him -- even if it's not what he wants or expects

  • Better late than never -To do something that is right, profitable, or good a little late is still better than not doing it at all.

  • Between a rock and a hard place - To be in a difficult situation from which there seems to be no escape

  • Between the devil and the deep sea - To choose between two equally bad alternatives in a serious dilemma.

  • Birds of a feather flock together -People of the same sort of character or belief always go together.

  • Bite off more than one can chew - To try to do something one is unable to do or incapable of doing.

  • Blood is thicker than water - Family ties are stronger than any other.

  • Burn the candle at both ends-Those who are always busy and seem to get little rest

  • Buy a pig in a poke-Buy something without examining it for faults or checking to see if they are really getting what they believe they have purchased

  • Call a spade a spade -If you say that someone calls a spade a spade, you mean that they speak frankly and directly, often about embarrassing or unpleasant subjects; an informal expression.

  • Catch as catch can-To do anything or use any means to achieve an aim or reach a goal.

  • Catch not at the shadow and lose the substance-We should not waste time on trivial aspects of a matter and neglect the essential matter itself.

  • Charity begins at home - A person's first obligation should be to help the member of his own family before he can begin thinking of talking about helping others.

  • Children should be seen and not heard-To stop a child from asking questions, talking, or making unnecessary noise.

  • Christmas comes but once each year-An excuse to indulge in food and drink and spend money during the Christmas season.

  • Cleanliness is next to Godliness - To be clean and tidy is just as important as being spiritually good and religious.

  • Cross the stream where it is shallowest-Don't make things difficult for yourself; always find the simplest means of achieving your objective.

  • Cry over spilled milk-It's pointless to get upset or feel regret about a loss or mistake that can't be undone

  • Curiosity killed the cat-To warn people not to show too much interest in affairs that don't concern them.

  • Cut off your nose to spite your face-When people are dissatisfied or angry, they sometimes react by doing foolish things that prove harmful to themselves.

  • Cut your coat according to your cloth - Live within your income; don't be too ambitious in your plans

  • Dead men tell no lies - (often used as an argument for killing someone whose knowledge of a secret may cause one loss or get into serious trouble.)

  • Discretion is the better part of valor - If you say discretion is the better part of valor, you mean that avoiding a dangerous or unpleasant situation is sometimes the most sensible thing to do.

  • Do not cross a bridge till you come to it-Do not worry about something before it has happened

  • Do not have too many irons in the fire-If we attempt to do too much at once, we shall not do anything properly

  • Do not ride the high horse-Do not be arrogant

  • Do unto others as you would others do unto you-Treat others as you would like them to treat you.

  • Dog eat dog- In competitive situations where each person has his own interests at heart, it is usually the strong and the determined who succeed.

  • Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. - Do not make plans based on something that has not happened.

  • Don't judge a book by its cover - Do not be deceived by appearances.

  • Don't make a mountain out of a molehill - Do not make a big fuss or issue over something minor or small

  • Don't put all your eggs in one basket - One should not risk everything he has in a single venture.

  • Eat to live, but do not live to eat - Man was created for a divine purpose and he has a destiny with his Creator - he was not born just to enjoy food.

  • Empty vessels make the most noise - Those people who have a little knowledge usually talk the most and make the greatest fuss.

  • Even Homer sometimes nods-Even the best of us are liable to make mistakes.

  • Every cloud has a silver lining - If you say that every cloud has a silver lining, you mean that every sad or unpleasant situation has a positive side to it. If you talk about silver lining you are talking about something positive that comes out of a sad or unpleasant situation.

  • Every dog has its day -Everyone will get a period of success or satisfaction during his lifetime.

  • Every flow must have its ebb- Life has its ups and downs, neither good fortune nor ill fortune lasts forever.

  • Every oak must be an acorn- Everything has to have a small beginning.

  • Every one can find fault, few can do better - It is easier to find fault in other people's actions or methods than to do it properly or correctly.

  • Experience is the best teacher - The best way to learn a job is to do it.

  • Faint heart never won fair lady - To succeed in life one must have the courage to pursue what he wants.

  • Fair exchange is no robbery - A contract is fair as long as both the parties understand and agree to the conditions willingly; after a deal is closed neither side can turn around and say that he was unfairly treated.

  • Fire is a good servant but a bad master - Fire, like any other manmade tool or device, will serve man well only when it is controlled and used wisely.

  • First come, first served - The first in line will be attended to first.

  • Fling/throw mud at someone-To say evil or bad things about someone and in doing so, to damage his or her reputation.

  • Fools rush in where angels fear to tread - Foolish people tend to act too hastily and do things that wise people would avoid.

  • Forgive and forget- Excusing or pardoning someone for doing something

  • Fortune knocks once at every man's door - Everyone gets at least one good opportunity in his lifetime; everyone has the opportunity to be successful in life.

  • Give someone enough rope and he will hang himself-If we allow someone to continue in his bad ways he'll eventually bring about his own downfall or ruin.

  • Give the devil his due - Be just and fair-minded, even to the one who does not deserve much or who is unfriendly or unfair; we should punish a person according to his wrongdoings.

  • Go from the sublime to the ridiculous - Move from one situation which is wonderful or perfect to another which is absurd or awful

  • God helps those who help themselves - God only helps those people who work hard and make an honest effort.

  • Great haste makes great waste - If one does things hastily he will make a lot of mistakes - he will need to spend a lot of time correcting those mistakes later.

  • Great minds think alike - Wise people will normally think and behave alike in certain situations.

  • Great talkers are little doers - Those people who talk a lot and are always teaching others usually do not do much work.

  • Grin and bear it- To put up with discomfort or a bad situation without complaining.

  • Habit is second nature - An act done repeatedly and often enough will sooner or later become a habit or second nature.

  • Half a loaf is better than none - It's better to have or receive less than one desire than to have or receive nothing at all.

  • Have an old head on young shoulders - Youngsters who possess qualities of wisdom one would only expect to find in experienced older people.

  • Have eyes in the back of one's head - An ability to know what is happening not within the scope of one's vision.

  • He laughs best who laughs last - A person who does his best is the one who will get the greatest satisfaction in the end.

  • He who pays the piper calls the tune-The person who pays for something has the right to do as he wants.

  • Hide your light under a bushel-Concealing your talents, skills or abilities

  • History tends to repeat itself-What has happened once is liable to happen again.

  • Hitch one's wagon to a star-To Move forward in a way to improve your chances of achieving success.

  • Home is where the heart is-No matter where you are, 'home' is where you feel most comfortable and content.

  • Honesty is the best policy - Being honest is believed to be the best route to take.

  • If it's not one thing it's another - The troubles seem to go on and on without end.

  • If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch-Those without knowledge should not try to teach the ignorant.

  • If wishes were horses, beggars would ride- If we could get all the things we wanted just by making a wish, everyone would have all he ever wanted.

  • If you can't lick them, join them-If you cannot defeat an opponent or get him to change his ideas, plans or way of doing things, the best thing is to change your ideas, plans, etc.

  • In for a penny, in for a pound-If we decide to do something, we should commit ourselves to it boldly and completely.

  • It is useless to flog a dead horse-It is no use spending your time and energy on an activity or belief that is already widely rejected or outdated.

  • It never rains but it pours-Events, especially misfortunes, always come together and not one at a time.

  • It takes all sorts to make a world - You should not expect everyone to think and act as you do.

  • It takes two to make a quarrel - Both parties in a quarrel should share the blame or take responsibility for it; no one can start a quarrel all by himself.

  • It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good - A bad or evil occurrence.

  • It's never too late to mend - It is never too late to correct one's mistakes or faults.

  • It's no use crying over spilt milk - It is pointless to feel remorseful over a thing lost that can never be found or a mistake done that can never be corrected or rectified.

  • Jack of all trades and master of none - Is a person who can do almost anything, but he rarely excels in any of them.

  • Jump from the frying pan into the fire - To go from a bad position to a worse one.

  • Keep the wolf from the door- To avoid hunger and poverty

  • Kindle not a fire you cannot put out-Do not start something you cannot control or resolve

  • Laugh and the world laughs with you- When someone is in a happy, cheerful mood, people like being with him.

  • Least said, soonest forgotten- The less we say about it the sooner the incident will be forgotten.

  • Let bygones by bygones - One should consider forgiving one's and forget all the bad deeds done by others.

  • Let not the pot call the kettle black - A person who has a fault should not point out the same fault in another; do not criticize another person as you may have the same weakness.

  • Let sleeping dogs lie - One should preferably avoid discussing issues that are likely to create trouble.

  • Life is just a bowl of cherries-Life is full of happiness and pleasure

  • Like a bull in a china shop-A clumsy or tactless person

  • Like father, like son, like mother, like daughter - (used to describe a child's behavior when he or she acts like the father or mother )

  • Lock the stable door after the horse has bolted-Once a mistake has been made or an error committed, it's too late to take precautions to prevent it from happening.

  • Look at the bright side - Be optimistic

  • Look before you leap - Avoid acting hastily, without considering the possible consequences.

  • Losers weepers, finders keepers-If someone loses something, he weeps -- but if someone finds it, he keeps it.

  • Love me, love my dog-If we want a person's friendship we must accept him totally, faults and all.

  • Make hay while the sun shines - Seize opportunities

  • Many hands make light work-Many people sharing a job or tasks make easier work of it.

  • Money is the root of all evil - Crimes and wickedness are associated with money.

  • Necessity is the mother of invention - When a person is in great need of something, he will find a way of getting it.

  • Never do things by halves - One should not do an incomplete or imperfect job - certain tasks must not be left half done; they must be done away with immediately.

  • No news is good news - When there is no news, it is likely that everything is all right.

  • Once bitten twice shy - If a person has been tricked once he will more be careful and alert the next time.

  • One man's meat is another man's poison - No two persons are alike - every one has his own preferences, likes and dislikes.

  • One swallow doesn't make a summer - One success doesn't guarantee complete success

  • Opportunity only knocks once-Seize an opportunity when it occurs for it may never happen again.

  • Out of sight, out of mind - You will soon forget friends you do not meet or keep in contact with.

  • Possession is nine points of the law-In disputes over property ownership, the person in possession of something is sometimes said to have nine-tenths a chance of winning it in a legal argument

  • Practice makes perfect - It is believed that if one practices a certain skill often, he will excel in it

  • Prevention is better than cure - It is better to be careful beforehand than to try to solve a problem after it has arisen.

  • Promises are like pie crust-Most promises cannot be kept

  • Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them-If you are rich and successful, you will attract many friends, but if you should suffer hardship or have misfortune (adversity), your friends will quickly depart.

  • Put a quart into a pint pot- Doing something that's impossible

  • Robbing Peter to pay Paul - (this is quoted when one takes another loan to pay off an earlier loan ) taking from one to give another.

  • Rome was not built in a day - Any great plan or big dream cannot be achieved overnight or easily.

  • Someone's bark is worse than his bite-People sometimes bark but in time we learn they're not always as frightening as they seem.

  • Spare the rod and spoil the child - A child who is not punished and showed the error of his ways will become unruly.

  • Speech is silver, silence is golden - Talk may be beneficial, but sometimes acquiescence may be the best option to take.

  • Still waters run deep - One who is usually silent and goes about his business quietly may be a very wise person.

  • Strike while the iron is hot - Seize a good opportunity as quickly as possible.

  • Teach an old dog new tricks - It is impossible to change someone's ways or habits, especially if he is old and resists change

  • That's where the shoe pinches- That's the source or cause of a problem or an annoyance

  • The best fish swim near the bottom-The best things are hard to come by

  • The blind leading the blind-A person helping or advising someone knows as little about the subject as the person who is being advised.

  • The buck stops here-It means final decision or total responsibility for an action

  • The darkest hour is that before dawn-Even when things seem at their very worst, they may shortly improve.

  • The devil finds work for idle hands- Unless one keeps busy doing useful or constructive things he could be tempted into mischief or evil.

  • The devil has the best tunes-To do something unworthy because it gives you pleasure

  • The last straw that broke the camel's back - The final thing that, when added to a bad or unpleasant situation, causes failure or ruin.

  • The longest day must have an end -All difficult jobs or situations also have an end.

  • The mountain labors and brings forth a mouse-To work hard and long on a project that turns out to be pretty useless.

  • The pen is mightier than the sword-The written word is more to be feared than physical violence

  • The rain falls on the just and the unjust alike-No matter how good or bad a person, he must still face the everyday problems that confront us all.

  • The sins of the fathers will be visited upon the children- People will be punished for the wrongs committed by their parents, forefathers, or those who have preceded them.

  • The sky is the limit - There is no upper limit to something

  • The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak- To do something unworthy just because it gives you the pleasure

  • The thin end of the wedge - That something can appear to be small and of no particular importance - yet it can turn out to be the beginning of a major problem.

  • The truth will out-Truth about something will eventually be discovered or made known

  • The way to a man's heart is through his stomach-Most men love to eat so feed your husband well and he will always love you.

  • There are none so blind as those that will not see- People, who never admit they might be wrong, refuse to listen to the opinions or ideas of anyone

  • There are none so deaf as those who will not hear- People sometimes hear only what they want to hear

  • There are two sides to every question - There are always two ways of looking at something

  • There is no place like home-Even a simple home is the best place in the world for the people who live in it.

  • There's more than one way to skin a cat-There is more than one way of getting a job done

  • There's no smoke without fire - Rumors do not spread unless there is some element of truth in them.

  • Time and tide wait for no one - Time is precious, once it is past no one can go back and claim it thus everyone should be mindful of how his time is spent.

  • Time heals old wounds- The passing of time helps us to forget things that have caused us pain or made us unhappy.

  • To err is human, to forgive divine - It is only normal for man to make mistakes and do wrong, but for one to forgive another for his wrong is indeed great and gracious act.

  • To put the cart before the horse - To do something in an incorrect order

  • Too many cooks spoil the broth - Too many people doing the same thing at the same time will not be successful

  • Truth is stranger than fiction - Real life can be more incredible than anything which can be imagined

  • Turn up like a bad penny- Something or someone disliked just won't go away

  • Two heads are better than one - It is always better to get the view of another than to rely entirely on one's own judgment.

  • Two wrongs do not make a right- If a person does something to harm or offend us, that's wrong. If we do something to harm them back, that's wrong too.

  • Two's company, three's a crowd - It is always fun while there are only two people whereas the third person is an unwelcome intrusion.

  • Uneasy is the head that wears the crown- Notable or important people are often concerned about losing their positions.

  • Variety is the spice of life- Life becomes very monotonous without some break or change in the daily routine.

  • Waste not, want not-If we're careful and waste nothing we'll never go without things we need.

  • We never miss the water till the well runs dry -You only realize the importance of something when it is gone

  • Wear out one's welcome-One is no longer welcome, usually because he has become a nuisance

  • What's done can't be undone - In life there are some things once done or decisions once made cannot be changed; malicious words once uttered or harmful actions once done cannot be taken back.

  • When in Rome do as the Romans do - When one is in a new place, country or situation he must adapt himself to the new manners and customs.

  • When poverty comes in the door, love flies out the window- As soon as a happily married couple begins having financial problems and the bills pile up their love will disappear.

  • When the cat is away the mice will play - When law enforcers are not present, certain public members will take the opportunity to break the law

  • Where there's a will there's a way - When a person really wants to do something, he will find a way of doing it.

  • Who keeps company with wolves, will learn to howl- If we associate with bad companions we, too, will become bad

  • Worship the ground somebody walks on - Very much in love with somebody

  • You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink-We can help, show or encourage someone to do something but we can't make him do what he is unwilling or unable to do

  • You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear-You cannot change a person's real character

  • You can't have your cake and eat it - You must choose between two things as it is impossible to have both at the same time

  • You pays your money and you takes your chances-A humorous way of saying that we sometimes must trust in luck when buying something.

Summary of Paradise Lost Book 4 by John Milton

Satan lands atop Mount Niphates, just north of Paradise, the Garden of Eden. He becomes gripped with doubt about the task in front of him; s...