google.com, pub-9220471781781135, DIRECT, f08c47fec0942fa0 Learn to speak English

Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences

While speaking or while writing, we commonly use three kinds of sentences.

  • Simple Sentences
  • Complex Sentences
  • Compound Sentences

We have been learning English for the past five years.

(Simple Sentence)

As we feel the need for English, we have been learning it.

(Complex Sentence)

English is a useful language and so we’ve been learning it.

(Compound Sentence)

In a Simple Sentence, we have one finite verb and it is the main clause of the sentence.

In a Complex Sentence, we have two clauses, one main clause and one subordinate clause.

In a Compound Sentence, we have two main clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction “and”, “so”, “but”, etc.

The subordinate clauses in complex sentences are caused by the following conjunctions:

  • For time concept: When, While, As, After, Before
  • For cause concept: Because, Since, As
  • For concession concept: Though, Although, Even though
  • For condition concept: If, Even if, As if, Unless
  • For inherent concept: So that

When John met his friend, he greeted him.

(Complex Sentence)

On meeting his friend John greeted him.

(Simple Sentence)

John met his friend and greeted him.

(Compound Sentence)

The program was cancelled due to heavy rains.

(Simple Sentence)

The program was cancelled because it rained heavily.

(Complex Sentence)

It rained heavily (and) so the program was cancelled.

(Compound Sentence)

Though she is rich, she is very simple.

(Complex Sentence)

In spite of being rich, she is very simple.

(Simple Sentence)

She is very rich but is very simple.

(Compound Sentence)

If you work hard, you will succeed.

(Complex Sentence)

In the event of working hard, you will succeed.

(Simple Sentence)

Work hard and you will succeed.

(Compound Sentence)

The problem is too difficult for me to solve.

(Simple Sentence)

The problem is so difficult that I can’t solve it.

(Complex Sentence)

The problem is very difficult and I can’t solve it.

(Compound Sentence)

Words often confused

Ascent: climbing a way sloping up
Assent: agreement, to agree

  • The ascent of Mt. Everest was an arduous affair.
  • Finally the parliament has given assent to the bill.

Alternate: one of every two, follow one after the other
Alternative: choice between two or more things.

  • Gowri visits the library on alternate Sundays.
  • Because of the taxi drivers strike, we had to find an alternative transport.

Beside: at the side of, close to
Besides: in addition to

  • Sundar sits beside me in the class.
  • Besides playing cricket, he also excels in chess.

Complement (v): to add new or contrasting features to improve something
Compliment: express praise or approval

  • Murugan's communication skills complement his excellent academic record.
  • Ravi complimented Ashok on his excellent presentation.

Continuous: going on without stopping
Continual: occurring repeatedly

  • Education is a continuous process.
  • There was continual rain last week.

Childish: behaving like a child, not mature
Childlike: like or typical of a child

  • Many grown-ups still possess a childish attitude.
  • His childlike innocence endears him to all.

Disinterested: not influenced by personal feelings or interest
Uninterested: having no interest or feelings

  • Scientists approach problems with disinterested curiosity.
  • James is completely uninterested in sports.

Historic: important in history or likely to be considered important at some time in the future
Historical: based on history

  • Man’s landing on the moon was an historic occasion.
  • We must place these events in their historical perspective.

Insidious: sly, cunning
Invidious: a job or task that is unpleasant to do, because it is likely to make you unpleasant

  • Her writings are an insidious form of propaganda.
  • The role of the critic is an invidious one.

Personal: pertaining to a person
Personnel: body of employees, staff

  • We must not interfere in the personal matters of others.
  • My father works as a personnel officer.

Words by Carl Sandburg

Some words are happy and some words are sad.
Some words are scented and others smell bad.
Some words are open and some words are sly.
Some words are slimy and others are dry.
Some words are cold and some words are hot.
Some words are tender and others are not.
Some words are honest but other words cheat.
Some words are bitter and others are sweet.
Some words move quickly, some words are slow.
Some words are shrinking, while some others grow.
Some words are remembered, some words forgot.
Some words we use little and some quite a lot.

- Carl Sandburg

Tuesday, January 19, 2010

Effective English communication

Today, communication is not just, “saying the right things to the right people at the right time at the right place in the right manner”, but also saying it well enough so as to create the right response.

  • Communication depends on two factors for effective response.
    One is the art of narration, while the other is the art of description -narration is in itself a description of sequential events.
  • Description enhances the clarity of expression and keeps the listener / reader moving with the speaker / writer in thoughts and feelings.
    For example, when you say, “This is a bag,” you convey only an outline of an object with no clarity in the image and no motivation for response.
    But when you say: “This is a large red cloth bag with white polka dotted print”, you have, through the description of the object, made the image bright and distinctively clear and kindled a comprehensible emotional or reasoning response.

Appropriate use of vocabulary for description in effective communication:

  • “This is a man.”
  • This is a tall, well-built, fair-complexioned man with straight dark hair, bushy eyebrows, handle bar moustache and a clean – shaven chin. (Description of an appearance)
  • “Mother Teresa was a nun”.
  • Mother Teresa, a nun from the order of ‘The Sisters of Charity’, was kind and caring of the sick and dying, generous and loving to all and with a heart of gold for the poor and needy. (Description of human feelings)
  • “Raju is unwell”.
  • Raju has high fever with severe cold, cough and head-ache
    which shows all symptoms of an attack of’ flu’- (description of illness)
  • “Sita was dressed up for a wedding”.
  • Sita was dressed in a rich brown silk brocade saree having a broad shining border of dancing peacocks with a matching blouse and a pair of colourful (colorful) sandals. (Description of clothes)

Accuracy and appropriacy make effective communication.


  • “Kumar is usually happy, full of high spirits and loves to be with people”.
    This sentence can be expressed briefly but effectively with a single but appropriate vocabulary of description.
    “Kumar is a gregarious boy”. (Description of attitude)

    Similarly,

  • The guard has a thick moustache which covers and droops along his upper lip, but curves up ward on either side of his mouth.

    “The guard sports a handle-bar moustache.” (Description of appearance)
  • The jockey wears pants which are broad and cut full at the thighs and light from the knee to the ankle with a strap around the foot.
    “The jockey wears riding breeches /jodhpurs”. (Description of clothes)
  • As it was raining very heavily there was a lot of water flowing along all the streets in the city.
    “Due to torrential rains the city streets were flooded”.
    (Description of weather conditions)
  • Mary wore a long white dress and had a veil on her head on her wedding day.
    “Mary wore the customary bridal attire on her wedding day” (Description of clothes)

Monday, January 18, 2010

English the funniest language

We will begin with BOX and the plural is BOXES.

But the plural OX should be OXEN and not OXES.

Then one fowl is GOOSE but two are GEESE.

Yet the plural of MOUSE should never be MEESE.

You may find a lone MOUSE or a whole set of MICE.

But the plural of HOUSE is HOUSES not HICE.

If plural of MAN be always MEN

Why shouldn’t the plural for PAN be PEN?

If I speak of a FOOT and then you show me your FEET.

And I give a BOOT, would a pair be called BEET?

If one is TOOTH and a whole set are TEETH,

Why shouldn’t the plural of BOOTH be BEETH?

The one may be THAT and three may be THOSE.

Yet HAT in the plural would never be HOSE.

And the plural CAT is CATS not COSE.

We speak of BROTHER and also BRETHEREN.

But though we say MOTHER we never say MOTHEREN.

Then the masculine pronouns are HE, HIS and HIM

But imagine the feminine SHE, SHIS and SHIM!!

So English, I fancy, you will agree

Is the

FUNNIEST LANGUAGE you ever did see!

- Leo Angela Rupert

Sunday, January 17, 2010

Slang and abbreviation part 24

List of acronyms begin with ‘X’, 'Y' and 'Z':

  • X3 -- Cute face
  • XC -- Cross Country
  • XD -- LOL
  • XLNT -- Excellent
  • XLR8 -- Accelerate
  • XOXO, XOXOXO -- Hugs & Kisses
  • XX -- Kiss Kiss
  • XXX -- Kisses
  • XYZ -- Examine Your Zipper
  • X] -- Happy
  • Y -- Why?
  • YA – You, Yes, Young Adult
  • YAB -- You Are Banned
  • YALL -- You All
  • YANO -- You Know
  • YARLY -- Yeah Really
  • YASNY -- You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet
  • YATB -- You Are The Best
  • YATK -- You Are Too Kind
  • YAY --Exclamation of approval
  • YBS -- You'll Be Sorry
  • YC -- You're Cool/Cute/Crazy
  • YCMIU -- You Couldn't Make It Up
  • YDI -- You Deserve It
  • YDK -- You Don't Know
  • YDMS -- You Don't Make Sense
  • YE -- Yes, yeah, You
  • YEA -- Yeah, yes
  • YELLO -- Hello
  • YEP -- Yes
  • YER – Your, Yes
  • YF -- Your Friend
  • YG -- Young Gangster
  • YGI -- You Got It
  • YGM -- You've Got Mail
  • YH -- Yeah
  • YHGASP -- You Have Got A Serious Problem
  • YHL -- You Have Lost
  • YK -- You're Kidding
  • YKIMS -- You Know It Makes Sense
  • YKWIM -- You Know What I Mean
  • YKWIS -- You Know What I'm Saying?
  • YL -- Young Lady
  • YM -- Your Mom
  • YMMD -- You Made My Day
  • YMMV -- Your Mileage May Vary
  • YMW -- You're Most Welcome
  • YNT -- Why Not?
  • YNWA -- You'll Never Walk Alone
  • YO – Your, Years Old
  • YOLO -- You Only Live Once
  • YOUS -- You, you guys
  • YOYO -- You're On Your Own
  • YP -- Your Problem, Yes, Please
  • YQW -- You're Quite Welcome
  • YR -- Yea, Right
  • YRG -- You Are Good!
  • YSMTU -- You So Made That Up
  • YT -- Are you there? , You Think?
  • YTB -- You're The Best
  • YUP, YUS -- Yes
  • YUPPIE -- Young Urban Professional
  • YVW -- You're Very Welcome
  • YW -- You're Welcome
  • YWIMC -- Your Wish Is My Command
  • YWSYLS -- You Win Some, You Lose Some
  • ZUP -- What's up?
  • ZZZ -- Sleepy, bored or tired

Slang and abbreviation part 23

List of acronyms begin with ‘W’:

  • W’EVER -- Whatever
  • W/ -- With
  • W/E, WE, WEVA, WTV -- Whatever
  • W/O -- Without
  • W2F -- Way Too Funny
  • W4M -- Woman looking for a man
  • W8 -- Wait
  • W8AM -- Wait A Minute
  • WAEFRD -- When All Else Fails, Read Directions
  • WAG1, WAGWAN, WAGWARN, WAGWUN, -- What's going on?
  • WAHM -- Work At Home Mom
  • WAL -- What A Loser
  • WAM -- Wait A Minute, What A Mess
  • WAS -- Wait And See
  • WAT -- What
  • WAW -- What A Waste
  • WAX -- Without Any Experience
  • WAY -- Where Are You?
  • WAYD -- What Are You Doing
  • WAYOA -- What Are You On About?
  • WAYTA -- What Are You Talking About
  • WAZ UP -- What's Up?
  • WB -- Welcome Back, Write Back
  • WBN -- Would Be Nice
  • WBR -- With Best Regards
  • WBS -- Write Back Soon
  • WBU , WBY-- What About You?
  • WCB -- Will Call Back
  • WCD -- What Chu Doing?
  • WD -- Well Done
  • WDITOT -- Why Didn't I Think Of That
  • WDMB -- Will Do My Best
  • WDTM -- What Does That Mean?
  • WDYM -- What Do You Mean?
  • WDYMBT -- What Do You Mean By That?
  • WDYT -- What do you think?
  • WDYWTTA -- What Do You Want To Talk About?
  • WEE -- Small
  • WEEE -- Exclamation of excitement
  • WEF -- With Effect From
  • WEG -- Wicked Evil Grin
  • WEHT -- What Ever Happened To?
  • WEL -- Whatever, Loser
  • WELC -- You're Welcome
  • WEML -- Whatever Major Loser
  • WFH -- Working From Home
  • WFM -- Works For Me
  • WGO -- What's Going On
  • WHA -- What
  • WHOA -- Expression of surprise, Slow down
  • WIBNI -- Wouldn't It Be Nice If
  • WIC -- Women, Infants and Children
  • WIIFM -- What's In It For Me
  • WIP -- Work In Progress
  • WITW -- What In The World
  • WIUWY -- What Is Up With You?
  • WIYP -- What Is Your Problem?
  • WKND -- Weekend
  • WLTM -- Would Like To Meet
  • WLYK -- Will Let You Know
  • WMMOWS -- Wash My Mouth Out With Soap!
  • WMP -- With Much Pleasure
  • WNDITWB -- We Never Did It This Way Before
  • WNOHGB -- Where No One Has Gone Before
  • WOE -- What On Earth
  • WOF -- While On Fire
  • WOMBAT -- Waste Of Money, Brains, And Time
  • WOS -- Waste Of Space
  • WOTAM -- Waste of Time and Money
  • WP -- Wrong Person, Well Played
  • WR -- Warm Regards
  • WRT -- With Regard to
  • WRU -- Where are you?
  • WRUD -- What are you doing?
  • WSP -- What's up?
  • WSUL -- Will See You Later
  • WTB -- Want To Buy
  • WTDT -- What To Do Today
  • WTG -- Way To Go
  • WTGP -- Want To Go Private?
  • WTH -- What/Where/Who The Hell
  • WTHC -- Who The Hell Cares?
  • WTII -- What time Is It?
  • WTK -- Want To Know
  • WTM -- What's The Matter?
  • WTMI -- Way Too Much Information
  • WTP -- What's The Point?
  • WTS -- Want To Sell
  • WTT -- Want To Trade
  • WTTIR -- When The Time Is Right
  • WTTM -- Without Thinking Too Much
  • WTYO -- Whatever Turns You On
  • WU -- Whats Up?
  • WUBU, WUBU2 -- What Have You Been Up To?
  • WUD -- What You Doing?
  • WUF -- Where are you from?
  • WUG -- What You Got?, Where You Going?
  • WUH, WUT -- What?
  • WULA -- What're you Looking At?
  • WUU2, WUUP2 -- What are You Up To?
  • WUWCB -- What do You Want to Chat about?
  • WUWH -- Wish You Were Here
  • WUWT -- What's Up With That
  • WUWTA, WUWTB -- What You Wanna Talk About/'Bout?
  • WUZ -- Was
  • WWYD -- What Would You Do?
  • WY – Why, Would You
  • WYD -- What You Doing?
  • WYGOWM -- Will You Go Out With Me?
  • WYK -- Would You Kindly
  • WYL -- Whatever You Like
  • WYMM -- Will You Marry Me?
  • WYP -- What's Your Problem?, What's Your Point?
  • WYSIWYG -- What You See Is What You Get
  • WYTA -- What You Talking About?
  • WYWH -- Wish You Were Here
  • W^ -- What's up

Which is correct? 'My wife and me' or 'My wife and I'

My Wife and I vs My Wife and Me The correct phrase is "My wife and I." The rule is that when you use a personal pronoun (like I o...