PART-I
A Voyage to Lilliput
Chapter
I:
Lemuel Gulliver was the third of the five sons. His father was a small
land-owner in Nottingham shire. He was educated at Emanuel College in
Cambridge. Then he served as an apprentice to a well known surgeon in London.
After three years, he was sent to Leyden to study medicine. He decided to
settle down in London and married Edmond Burton who brought him a good dowry.
Gulliver took up a surgeon’s job on a ship as he was not very successful in his
medical practice. The ship Antelope sailed from Bristol on 4th May, 1699 for
the South Sea. The ship was overtaken by a violent storm and got wrecked. Most
of the sailors died in the sea. Luck favored Gulliver. He was able to swim
ashore. Being tired and totally exhausted, soon he fell asleep on the sea-shore.
Gulliver Woke up after several hours. He was amazed to find himself bound with
chains. He was Surrounded by a crowd of human creatures. They were
exceptionally small-only six inches in height.
The strange human creatures were pigmies. They were shooting arrows from their
bows and they caused Gulliver a lot of pain. He was not released but offered
food and drink. Arrangements were made to take him to their King. To transport
a man of giant size was solved. He was carried to the metropolis on a huge
carriage. The King himself came out to look at Gulliver. His huge size caused
him a lot of surprise and wonder.
Chapter II:
Gulliver was lodged in a deserted ancient temple. The Emperor came on a
horseback to have a good look and talk to Gulliver if possible. He looked at
Gulliver with wonder and admiration. His huge size impressed him. The Empress
and the young princess sat at a safe distance to view the giant that had come
in the land of Lilliputians. The Emperor and Gulliver made several efforts to
talk to each other but neither of them understood the language of the other. A
large crowd had assembled there to see that giant of a man. Many of them shot
arrows and one arrow nearly missed one of his eyes. Gulliver caught 5 or 6
Lilliputians. He refrained from crushing them and didn’t punish them.
Gulliver’s kindness and leniency was appreciated by everyone. The news of
Gulliver’s arrival spread throughout the kingdom. All kinds of people from
different villages and towns arrived to see him.
The Emperor had a long consultation with his courtiers. He decided not to put
Gulliver to death. Elaborate arrangements were made for his boarding and
lodging. Arrangements were made to teach Gulliver the language of the
Lilliputians. Within three months, Gulliver learnt the basics of their
language. Now he could communicate with Emperor and others. Gulliver was
thoroughly searched according to the law of the land. An inventory (list) was
made of all the articles. Gulliver’s watch caused a lot of surprise and wonder
to all who saw it. Gulliver’s pair of spectacles escaped their notice as they
were in a private pocket of his coat. Gulliver was given the name ‘Quinbus
Flestrin’. It meant “Man-Mountain’.
Chapter
III:
Gulliver’s gentleness and good behavior won the heart and favor of the
Emperor and his courtiers. He began to think that very soon he would be
released from chains and become free. He had made quite a satisfactory progress
in understanding and speaking their language. The Lilliputians had some very
funny habits and practices. It was quite funny and even strange that the merit
or ability of candidates aspiring for high posts were judged by their feat of
rope-dancing. All candidates were asked to dance on a rope. Only those who
jumped very high without falling qualified for high posts at the Imperial
Court. Even Flimnap, the Treasurer and Reldressal, the Principal Secretary for
Private Affairs had to show their superiority by dancing on a tight rope.
Sometimes such feats caused fatal accidents. Another activity which was
practiced to judge the merit of the candidates for high offices, was leaping
over sticks which the Emperor held in his hands. The winner was recorded with a
blue silken thread. The next man was rewarded with a red thread and the third
with a green one.
Gulliver’s repeated petitions for freedom at last got a favorable response from
the Emperor. He was to be given freedom on certain conditions. These conditions
were framed by a member of the Imperial Cabinet, Bolgolam. He was very hostile
to Gulliver. Gulliver was to take an oath that he would abide by those
conditions. After his release, Gulliver was allowed a quantity of meat and
drink that was sufficient for 1728 Lilliputians. The Emperor’s mathematicians
calculated the amount required for the maintenance of Gulliver’s body also.
Chapter
IV:
Now Gulliver was a free man. He sought the Emperor’s permission to go
around the metropolis, Mildendo. The permission was granted. A proclamation was
made. The people were asked to keep away from Gulliver’s route. They were asked
to avoid being crushed by the “man mountain”. The windows and roofs were
crowded with spectators to watch Gulliver walking through the main street. The
town was capable of holding five hundred thousand people. The people lived in
three to five storied houses. The shops and markets were well stocked. The
Emperor’s palace was situated just in the center of the city. Gulliver could
have a glimpse of the Empress and the young Princes and Princess. The Empress
smiled graciously. She offered her hand through the window and Gulliver kissed
it.
One day, the Principal Secretary of Private Affairs, Reldressel visited
Gulliver and told him about the state of affairs prevailing in the land of
Lilliputians. The country was faced with two dangers. Reldressel disclosed that
the country was divided into two parties-the Emperor’s party and the Opposition
party. The Emperor and his party believed in boiled eggs being broken at the
smaller end. The opposite party insisted on breaking the eggs at the big end.
The two parties were known as Big-Endians and Little-Endians. Similarly, there
was a conflict between those who wore high-heeled shoes and those who wore
low-heeled shoes.
Chapter
V:
The only other great empire in the ‘universe’ was the empire of Blefuscu
island. It was a rival of Lilliput and was as large as powerful. The opposition
party in Lilliput was in league with the Emperor of Blefuscu. The Emperor of
Blefuscu had now assembled a huge fleet of ships to invade Lilliput. Gulliver
promised his full support.
Blefuscu and Lilliput were separated by a channel which was 800 yards wide and
six feet deep. Gulliver told the Emperor that he would seize the whole fleet of
ships of his enemy. He took a few cables to which he tied some hooks. He waded
through the channel and succeeded in pulling 50 of the enemy’s largest ships
towards Lilliput. It was a great blow to Blefuscu. The Emperor of Lilliput was
highly delighted. As a token of gratitude, he conferred on Gulliver the highest
title of honour which existed in Lilliput.
The empire of Blefuscu was humbled. The Emperor of Lilliput now expected
Gulliver to demolish and damage the armed forces of Blefuscu completely. He
wanted Blefuscu weakened for ever. He wanted to rule over Blefuscu through a
viceroy. Gulliver didn’t believe in causing unnecessary bloodshed and damage to
the enemy. He belied the expectations of the Emperor. So the Emperor became
cool towards Gulliver.
A peace treaty was signed between Lilliput and Blefuscu. Now Gulliver expressed
a desire to go and meet the Emperor of Blefuscu. The Emperor only gave the oral
permission. Soon Flimnap and Bolgolam were able to prejudice the Emperor
against Gulliver. They convinced that his friendliness with Blefuscu would mean
Gulliver’s withdrawal of support from Lilliput. However, Gulliver was able to
neutralise the conspiracy by rendering a great service. He was able to
extinguish a fire in the apartment of the Empress. Sufficient water was not
available. Gulliver had to make water to extinguish it. The Emperor was happy
but the Empress was annoyed. Gulliver had committed an act which was illegal
and could invite the capital punishment.
Chapter
VI:
Animals and trees were exact in proportion to the height of people in Lilliput.
Tallest horses and oxen were between four and five inches in height. They
buried their dead with their heads downward. They believed that they would rise
from their graves after eleven thousand moons. All the crimes against the state
in Lilliput were punished with utmost severity. Fraud was considered to be a bigger
crime than theft and was punishable with death. Those who proved by obeying the
laws of the country for 73 moons, could claim special rights and cash awards.
High morals were preferred to abilities in the appointments for high offices.
Those who didn’t believe in the Divine Providence were denied government posts.
But certain corruptions had taken root in Lilliputian social life. Persons
displaying skills in rope-dancing or leaping over, and creeping under sticks
earned favors and high posts. Ingratitude was regarded as a capital crime. A
child was not expected to feel obliged to his father for giving birth to him.
Education of children was not the responsibility of parents. Children of both
the sexes were brought up and educated in public nurseries. Virtues like
courage, justice, modesty, religion and patriotism were encouraged.
The Emperor invited Gulliver to dinner one day. He also brought Filmnap with
him. The Emperor knew that Filmnap and Gulliver were secret enemies. Filmnap
poisoned the ears of the Emperor against Gulliver. The man-mountain, Gulliver
was very difficult to afford and maintain. The cost of his food, drink and
articles was a great burden on the economy of Lilliput. He wanted Gulliver to
be turned out of Lilliput.
Chapter
VII:
One day Gulliver received a lord of the Imperial Court in great secrecy. He
disclosed that a conspiracy was being hatched against him by Fliminap and
Bolgolam and some other officials. They had prepared articles of impeachment
against him for treason and other capital crimes. The visitor produced a copy
of those articles of impeachment to Gulliver. The charges included
1.
pulling the
Empress by the arms and lifting her high in the air in both his hands while
extinguishing the fire
2.
having refused to
seize the remaining ships of Blefuscu
3.
having secret
discussions with the ambassadors of the enemy state
4.
deciding to visit
the court of Blefuscu after receiving only a verbal licence from the Emperor.
The men who wrote the articles demanded that Gulliver should
be sentenced to death for high treason.
Reldressel, one of the Gulliver’s well-wishers suggested the Emperor that
Gulliver should only be blinded in both eyes instead of being put to death. In
this way, he could be useful to the state and the Emperor. The Empress had also
instigated the Emperor against Gulliver.
Gulliver thought over the coming danger that threatened him. He decided that
the best course for him would be slipping away from Lilliput and taking shelter
with the Emperor of Blefuscu. Of course, the mountain-man Gulliver could have
caused a lot of destruction in Lilliput but he didn’t want to be disloyal to
the Emperor. He waded through the intervening channel one day and reached
Blefuscu where he was cordially received by the Emperor.
Chapter
VIII:
Three days after his arrival in Blefuscu Gulliver observed a boat lying
overturned at the beach. It was a boat of normal size which could carry
Gulliver away in the sea. The Emperor of Blefuscu allowed fitting the boat for
a voyage. In the meanwhile, an urgent message came from Lilliput to Blefuscu
sending Gulliver back to Lilliput to be tried for treason there. The Emperor of
Blefuscu ignored the message. But Gulliver didn’t want to become a bone of
contention between the two kingdoms. So he decided to leave Blefuscu for home.
The Emperor and the royal family came out of their palace to bid farewell to
Gulliver. The Emperor gifted him with a large number of gold coins and his own
picture at full length. Gulliver had stuffed his boat with a large number of
oxen, sheep, cows, bulls, etc. to serve as food for him during the voyage. He
wanted to take some of the animals to England to breed such pigmies there. The
Emperor didn’t allow him to take some natives with him. On 24th September 1701,
Gulliver set sail in the morning. He caught sight of an English ship. The
captain of the ship, Mr. John Biddle, was a kind man. Gulliver put cows and
ships in his coat-pockets and got on board.
The English ship touched port on 13th April, 1702. Gulliver was happy and
excited to meet his wife and children. He made satisfactory financial
arrangements for the family. Gulliver was a sea-bird. Bidding farewell to his
wife and children, he went on board a merchant ship Adventure’ bound for Surat.
PART II
A Voyage to Brobdingnag
Chapter I:
The merchant ship Adventure’ commenced its voyage on 20th June, 1702
for Surat. The ship arrived at the Cape of Good Hope where it stopped to have
its supply of fresh water. The captain fell ill and the ship couldn’t leave the
Cape till the end of March 1703. On 19th April, the ship encountered a furious
storm. However, the ship survived the storm successfully. The Captain sent a
few members of the crew by a boat towards the coast in order to look for
freshwater. Gulliver was very anxious to look at the island. So when the ship
approached the island, he too went with the party of sailors. Gulliver’s
curiosity had the better of him. He left the sailors and ventured into the
interior of the island. When he returned to the shore, he found the boat
hurrying away. It was pursued by a man of huge size and stature. He looked like
a huge monster. The boat was able to escape from the monster. Gulliver hid
himself in a field.
After some time, Gulliversaw seven other persons of the same huge size. The man
who pursued the boat was the master of the fields. The other seven were his
servants. They had reaping hooks in their hands and had come to reap the
forest. A few minutes later, the master detected Gulliver lying on the ground.
In comparison to those huge men, Gulliver appeared to be a Lilliputian.
The master picked up Gulliver and lifted him
to the level of his eyes. Gulliver was in a state of shock and panic. He felt
that the giant might dash him against the ground any moment. But the master
treated him kindly. The giants were watching his activities with interest.
Gulliver tried to show them respect and even took his purse full of gold coins
from his pocket and presented to the master. Gulliver spoke in many languages
but failed to have any communication with them.
The owner of the fields took Gulliver to his own house. His wife screamed after
seeing him and ran away. However, after sometime she became normal and quite
fond of him. At meal-time, a servant brought a big dish about 24 feet in diameter.
The farmer’s wife minced a meat and offered to Gulliver. The youngest boy of
the farmer was very mischievous. He lifted Gulliver by his leg and held him
high in the air. Gulliver trembled in fear. However, the farmer rescued
Gulliver. Just at that time the pet cat of the family leaped into the lap of
the farmer’s wife. The cat looked three times bigger than an ox.
After the meals, the nurse brought a one-year child in her arms. On seeing
Gulliver, the child began to scream loudly. The mother picked up Gulliver and
offered him to the child. The child tried and put Gulliver’s head into his
mouth. Really, he taught the people of Brobdingnag were not deformed but looked
ugly because of their gigantic dimensions when compared to the ordinary people
of other lands.
Chapter
II:
Gulliver slept for a few hours in a room which was 200 to 300 feet wide and
more than 200 feet high. He was attacked by a couple of rats of the size of
bulldogs. Gulliver defended himself against them with his swords and was able
to kill one of them, while the other fled away. Gulliver was directed to the
garden outside where he could answer the call of nature.
The farmer had a daughter who was about nine-year old. The girl was very fond
of Gulliver. She looked after him and his needs in every possible way. She
would dress and undress him. She would teach him their language. She sewed
garments for him. She was a good natured girl. She was about 40 feet tall and
was thought to be rather undersized for her age. She called him “manikin” or
pigmy. And he called her glumdalotitch’ which meant “little nurse’ in English.
One day, a visitor to the family, gave a suggestion to the farmer. Gulliver
should be taken on a market-day of the next town and displayed to the people as
an object of curiosity. He could charge a small fee against the display. The
farmer carried Gulliver in a box to the neighboring town on a market day. He
took along with him his little daughter who was Gulliver’s nurse. Gulliver was
badly shaken in his box due to the movement of the horse. People were then
admitted in a room where Gulliver answered their questions as instructed by his
nurse. A young schoolboy threw a hazelnut towards Gulliver’s head but luckily
he missed his aim. Gulliver was shown to many spectators in various towns. The
farmer was finding such exhibitions very profitable. He wanted to take Gulliver
to all the important cities of the kingdom for holding similar shows. He set
out for the metropolis, taking Gulliver and his nurse with him. The metropolis
was situated almost in the middle of the kingdom and was 3000 miles away from
the farmer’s house. The journey took ten weeks on horseback. Gulliver was shown
to public in 18 large towns on the way. In the metropolis, the farmer took a
lodging in the principal street of the city. It was not far from the royal
palace. He started exhibiting Gulliver for a fee. Gulliver could now speak the
language of the people of Brobdingnag and understood every word that was spoken
to him.
Chapter
III:
Gulliver was subjected to a lot of stress and strain during these public
exhibitions. He was almost reduced to a skeleton. The report of such
exhibitions reached the royal palace. The Queen was eager to witness such a
novelty in the person of Gulliver. She saw him and developed fascination for
such a little creature. The Queen paid a thousand pieces of gold and bought
Gulliver from the farmer. Gulliver was very happy to pass into the possession
of the Queen. The Queen showed Gulliver to the King. He was not very impressed
with Gulliver. He was a learned man and was educated in the study of
mathematics and philosophy. He couldn’t understand how such a small man could
exist on the earth. Nor could he believe Gulliver’s account of how he happened
to come to Brobdingnag.
The King sent for three great scholars to give their opinions about Gulliver.
They agreed only on one thing. Gulliver could not have been produced according
to the regular laws of nature. Gulliver didn’t possess the capacity to preserve
his life. He didn’t have swiftness of movement. He couldn’t climb up trees. Nor
could he dig holes in the earth. The three scholars came to the conclusion that
Gulliver was a freak of nature.
The King directed the Queen to take particular care of Gulliver. At Gulliver’s
request, his nurse, the nine-year old daughter of the farmer, was allowed to
look after him in the royal palace. The Queen liked him so much that she could
not dine without his presence by her side. She was particularly amused to watch
Gulliver eating very tiny bits of food. The Queen would chew a whole bird of
huge size, bones and all, between her teeth. The King also started taking
interest in Gulliver’s talks. He enquired Gulliver about the people, religion,
laws, government and learning of European countries.
The King was not impressed by his talks. He could not believe that small
insects like Gulliver could attain any human grandeur.
The Queen kept in her royal palace a dwarf who was like a pet to her. He began
to feel jealous of Gulliver because the queen had become more fond of the
newcomer. One day the dwarf played a trick. Gulliver fell into a large bowl of
cream. On another occasion, the dwarf thrust Gulliver’s body into a bone from
which the morrow had been taken out. The flies and wasps were also a cause of
annoyance for Gulliver. They were in large numbers in Brobdingnag. On one
occasion the dwarf caught many flies and released them suddenly under
Gulliver’s nose in order to frighten him. The wasps were of the size of
partridges in England.
Chapter
IV:
The country of Brobdingnag was a peninsula with mountain thirty miles high on
the north-east and the sea on all the sides. The whale fish was thought to be
an excellent food. It contained 51 cities and about a hundred walled towns and
a large number of villages. The metropolis, Lobrulgrud, equal almost in two
equal parts on either side of a river which passed through it. The city had
more than 80000 houses. The palace of the King was spread over an area of seven
miles.
One day Gulliver visited shops. He saw a crowd of beggars standing there. There
stood a woman with cancer in her breast, swollen into a monstrous size. It had
huge holes in which Gulliver could easily enter. There was a man with a huge
tumor in his neck. Another beggar stood with a couple of wooden legs, each
about 20 feet high. But to Gulliver, the most hateful sight was the lice
crawling on their clothes. Gulliver wanted to see the chief temple and
particulars the tower belonging to it. The nurse carried him there in a box.
Gulliver was rather disappointed to see the tower. It was just 3000 feet. It
was rather small considering the huge dimensions of everything in Brobdingnag.
Chapter
V:
One day Gulliver was in the garden. The dwarf mischievously shook the
branches of an apple tree under which Gulliver stood. A dozen apples, each as
large as a barrel came tumbling down Gulliver’s ears.
One of the apples hit him on his back and knocked him down flat on his face.
One day there was a shower of hailstones. Gulliver was badly injured by these
huge hailstones. On another occasion a dog seized Gulliver within its mouth and
ran away straight to his master. Luckily, Gulliver was not hurt as the trained
dog kept Gulliver gently between the teeth. On another occasion a kite Swooped
upon him. He drew his sword in time and saved himself. The royal maids were
very inquisitive about Gulliver and often wanted to play with him. Sometimes
they stripped him naked and made him sit on their breasts. Gulliver was often
disgusted with their foul smell. The maids felt no shame while undressing
themselves in Gulliver’s presence as they regarded him an insignificant
creature. One day Gulliver got an opportunity to watch the execution of a
criminal. His head was cut off with one blow with a sword about 40 feet long.
Chapter
VI:
The Queen made every possible effort to please Gulliver. She devised a method
by which he could take regular exercise. She made him a provision of a pool and
a boat which Gulliver could row on the water. The Queen and her maids were
entertained by Gulliver’s skill in rowing. Once a monkey carried Gulliver off
and set him on the top of a building. He began to play with him. It was after a
good deal of efforts that King’s men could save him.
One day the King asked Gulliver what he would have done with a monkey in his
own country. Gulliver told the King that there were no monkeys in Europe. In
his own country he could have dealt with a dozen monkeys as their size was not
the size of an elephant. The King laughed at Gulliver’s words. He thought that
he was boasting of his prowess. One day while out for a walk Gulliver fell upon
some cow-dung and found himself in the middle up to his knees. He waded through
it with difficulty.
Gulliver had become a favourite of the Queen and also of the King. On one
occasion he made a chair using the Queen’s hair and made a present to her. On
another, he made a little purse (5 feet long) with the Queen’s name written on
it in gold letters. The King was a learned man. One day he asked many questions
related to the people and government of Gulliver’s native country. Gulliver
told the King about the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The members
were selected on the basis of moral and mental ability. He also told the King
about the English judicial system and courts of justice.
Many doubts and objections had arisen in the King’s mind regarding the
information which Gulliver had given to him. The King remained unconvinced. To
him, the history of Gulliver’s country was only a heap of conspiracies,
rebellions, murders and massacres. Hypocrisy, cruelty, hatred and lust were
some of its essential features. The King had a low opinion about Gulliver’s
country and his countrymen. “…….. the bulk of your natives to be the most
pernicious race of little odious vermin that Nature ever suffered to crawl upon
the surface of the earth.”
Chapter
VI:
Gulliver knew that the King had formed unfavorable opinions about
English life. The King was isolated from the rest of the world. His narrow
outlook couldn’t comprehend about the situations in European countries.
Gulliver suggested the King to learn how to make gunpowder. It would make him
more powerful. The King rejected Gulliver’s suggestion summarily. The King
didn’t want such instruments of mass destruction. It was shocking that “an
important and grovelling insect” like Gulliver should entertain such inhuman
ideas. The King was ready to lose half of his kingdom than learn the secret of
the manufacture of gunpowder. He told the King that a number of books had been
written in England on the art of government. The King didn’t believe that the
art of government needed any books. In his opinion, only common sense, reason
and justice and such noble virtues are required to run a government. Whoever
could make two ears of corn or two blades of grass upon a piece of land did
more service to humanity than all politicians put together. The learning of the
people of Brobdingnag was very defective. It was limited only to morality,
history, poetry and mathematics. They didn’t know of things that promoted agriculture
and mechanical arts. The King’s library was small and it didn’t have more than
a thousand volumes. Their style of writing was clear, masculine and smooth. It
was not florid. Superfluity in expression was unknown to them. The King’s army
consisted of one hundred and seventy six thousand soldiers and thirty-two
thousand horses. The army consisted of tradesmen in cities and farmers in the
countryside.
Chapter
VIII:
The King wanted Gulliver to find a suitable woman for himself to
propagate his breed. Gulliver was averse to this proposal. In fact, he wanted
to leave Brobdingnag and go back home. In the third year of Gulliver’s stay in
Brobdingnag, a strange incident took place. The King and the Queen were making
a journey and had halted close to the sea-side for rest. Gulliver was being
carried in a travelling box to give them a company. One day an eagle of a huge
size caught the ring of the box in his beak and flew away. He was attacked by a
couple of other eagles and the box fell down into the sea. Luckily, Gulliver
was not hurt as he was picked up by a passing ship. The Captain, Mr. Thomas
Wilcocks was a noble man of Shropshire. Gulliver told him the whole story but
he was not prepared to believe Gulliver’s story till he produced a large number
of articles from the box as an evidence. That proved that he had lived in the
country of giants-Brobdingnag. He agreed to take Gulliver with to England
whither the ship was bound.
The ship called in at two ports to get provisions and fresh water. Ultimately,
it arrived at an English port on 3rd June, 1706, nine months after Gulliver’s
escape from Brobdingnag. When Gulliver was riding homewards, he was struck by
the smallness of the houses, the trees, the cattle and the people in his
country. They looked as if he was in Lilliput again. It took him quite some
time to adjust himself to the normal size and dimensions of objects and persons
in England.
PART III
A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg,
Glubbdubdrib and Japan
Chapter
I:
Gulliver could stay with his family only for ten days. Captain William
Robinson, the commander of “Hope Well’ offered him the post of a surgeon on his
ship. The ship was to set out on a voyage to the East Indies. Gulliver’s thirst
for seeing the world had not diminished. So he accepted the offer. The ship
sailed away on 5th August, 1706 and arrived at Fort. St. George on 11th April,
1707. Then it sailed to Tonquin and the Captain decided to stay there for some
time. There he bought a sloop. He loaded the sloop (ship) with several sorts of
goods which the Tonquinese used to trade with the neighboring islands. He made
Gulliver Master of the Sloop. Upon the 10th day, they were chased by pirates.
They searched the sloop. Gulliver was set adrift in a small canoe with paddles
and a sail. It had provisions only for four days. About an hour he saw several
islands to the South East. He wanted to reach the nearest islands. On the 5th
day, he arrived at the last island. It was a rocky island with only a little
Sweet smelling grass.
Gulliver was in low spirits. He wondered how miserable his end could be. After
a few days, he saw a huge opaque body between himself and the sun, moving
forward over the island. It was two miles about the island and it was still
moving. He was highly surprised to see human beings moving about on that body.
They let down a chain from there. A seat had been fastened to the other end of
the chain. Gulliver caught hold of the chain and got into the seat. The seat
was drawn up by pullies. Gulliver now found himself on an island in the air. It
was inhabited by a large number of people. So he could see two islands. One
below and another in the air above the first.
Chapter
II:
On the Flying Island, Gulliver was surrounded by many people. They
looked at him with great surprise and wonder. These people had very strange
shapes and sizes. Their hands were all reclined either to the right or the
left. One of their eyes turned inward. The other eye was turned up towards the
sky. Many of these people were followed by servants called the “flappers’. The
flappers were servants who carried in their hands a blown bladder. The bladder
was fastened to a stick. The function of the flapper was to serve the need of
their masters. They had to draw the attention of their masters who were always
lost in intense speculations.
They were so much lost that they could neither speak nor listen to others. They
had been roused by some external action. A servant had to strike his master on
his mouth or on the ear by the bladder. It was the only way to draw the
attention of the master.
Gulliver was presented to the King. The King was busy in solving a problem.
Gulliver waited for an hour before the King paid any attention to him. The King
asked many questions but they couldn’t communicate as both were unknown to each
other’s language. Different dishes were served at the dinner. Gulliver noticed
a strange thing. The food items were given geometrical shapes. The mutton had
been cut in an equilateral triangle. The beef had been cut into a rhomboid. The
pudding had been shaped into a cycloid. The other dishes were given the shapes
of musical instruments like a harp, a
fiddle or a flute. The bread had been cut into geometrical figures like cones,
cylinders and parallelograms.
Gullivergradually picked up the language of the people there. He learnt that
the name of the island was Laputa. It meant the “flying-island in English. The
officials ordered a tailor to prepare clothes for Gulliver. The tailors used
all different kinds of instruments to take Gulliver’s measurements. The tailor
made clothes which were badly made and out of shape as he had made a mistake in
his calculations.
Music and mathematics were two principal interests of the people and they paid
no attention to any other matter. Their ideas found expressions through lines and
figures. Even to describe the beauty of a woman, they used circles and
parallelograms or the musical terms. The houses were badly built without any
right angle in their shapes. People looked ugly and clumsy. They were good at
mathematics and music only. They had very poor reasoning and imagination.
Inventions were alien to them.
The people of Laputa were constantly in a state of “disquietude. They never
enjoyed peace of mind even for a moment. Their main fears came from heavenly
bodies. They also feared that the earth would be swallowed by the sun or the
face of the sun would grow dark. Such fears made them restless. They couldn’t
sleep and had no peace of mind.
Women of their islands were different from their men. Their minds were not
obsessed with fears. Their husbands were always occupied with their own
thoughts and calculations. They had no time for their wives. Their wives turned
to strangers for entertainment. These strangers were to be found in a large
number at the royal court. They came from different continents on the earth
below. The women made love to the strangers. Their husbands had no time and
paid no attention to them.
Chapter
III:
The Flying Island was circular with a diameter of about four miles and a half.
The bottom contained a regular and even plate. There was a hollow from where
the astronomers descended into a large dome. Twenty lamps were continually
burning in the cave. The greatest curiosity of the island was a loadstone or
magnet of a huge size, 6 yards in length and three in thickness. The entire
fate of the island depended on this loadstone or magnet. The loadstone was held
in that position by a very strong axle of adamant passing through its middle.
The island was made to rise and fall and move from one place to the other by means
of this loadstone. The loadstone had its limitations. It could not move beyond
the extent of the King’s dominions below on the earth. It couldn’t rise up for
more than 4 miles.
Some astronomers managed the loadstone. They gave it such positions as the King
desired. They had extraordinary telescopes. They spent most of their times in
observing heavenly bodies. They had made wonderful discoveries beyond those
made by European astronomers. They had made ten thousand fixed stars. They
discovered two satellites revolving round Mars and 39 different comets. The
King could destroy towns and cities below on the earth in case the people
revolted against him. Three years before Gulliver’s arrival here, the people of
a city below on the earth had revolted against the King. The King yielded to
those people as he could not take the extreme step of destroying his own people.
Gulliver was well treated in the island of Laputa. But he felt neglected. He
wanted to leave the island. During his two month’s stay, he could have
discussions mainly with women, tradesmen, flappers and court-pages. Through the
influence of a friendly lord at the court, Gulliver was able to get the King’s
permission to leave the island. The King gave two hundred pounds as a present
to Gulliver and the great lord also gave as much money to him. The lord gave a
letter of recommendation to a friend of his in Lagado, the metropolis of
Balnibarbi.
Chapter
IV:
Gulliver rather felt happy to be on the firm ground again after having stayed
on the Flying Island. He contacted the great man, Munodi, for whom the letter
of recommendation was given. He had been the governor of Lagado and had been
replaced due to his inefficiency. But he still had the love and affection of
the King.
Munodi told Gulliver that 40 years ago some persons had gone to Laputa either
for business or for diversion. After a few months, they came back to Balnibarbi
from Laputa. They expressed their dislike and dissatisfaction for the
management of things in Balnibarbi. They tried to introduce some new schemes
with regard to arts, sciences and mechanics in Balnibarbi. They devised new
rules and methods of agriculture and new buildings. Munodialso pointed out that
none of the projects of those people succeeded or achieved any good results.
The whole country now lay in a state of neglect.
Munodi himself continued to follow the old methods. He had made many enemies in
the kingdom. But Munodi had been able to preserve his estate in its original
form.
Chapter
V:
Gulliver paid a visit to the Academy of Projectors in Lagado. He was warmly
received by the warden. The bearded man had been engaged for the last 8 years
upon a project for extracting Sunbeams out of cucumbers. Another man at the
Academy had been employed for a long time in experimenting aimed at restoring
human excrement to its original food by separating several parts. One of the
Projectors was trying to calcine ice into gun powder. A most ingenious
architect had invented new methods for building houses by beginning at the roof
and working downwards to the foundation. A blind man was engaged in mixing
colours for painters who claimed to distinguish colours by his sense of touch
or smell. One Projector had found a device for ploughing the ground with hogs. However,
the experiment didn’t give good results in agriculture. In one of the rooms of
the Academy, Gulliver found all walls and the ceiling covered with cobwebs to
obtain silk from the webs. A great physician claimed that he could cure colic
by performing operations with a large pairs of bellows. He demonstrated his
experiment on a dog who made a violent discharge of wind and then died on the
spot. One of the Projectors was regarded as the universal artist. He was trying
to breed sheep which would have no wool upon their bodies. Some Projectors had
developed a method by which even an ignorant person could produce books on
philosophy, poetry, politics, law, mathematics, and theology. At the
mathematical school, proposition and demonstration were taught to be written on
a thin wafer with an ink made of a cephalic tincture.
Chapter
VI:
Gulliver also visited the school of political projects at the Academy of
Lagado. The professors at the school were busy in various schemes. They had a
scheme for persuading Kings to choose favorites on the basis of their wisdom,
capacity and virtue. There was a project to keep legislators in a fit mental
condition. They must be administered medicines so that they should not talk any
nonsense during the rest of the session. Similarly, one professor made
medicines that could stimulate the memories of the favorite of kings. Another
novel scheme was regarding reconciliation between the views of the two opposing
parties. Methods have been devised for raising funds through taxation. One
method was to impose a tax upon vices and follies. Another tax was calculated
on the basis of the opinion that a citizen had about his own merit or ability.
The higher the opinion, the higher would be the tax.
Chapter
VII:
Gulliver left Lagado to go to Japan on his way back home. But the ship
bound for Luggnagg was not ready to leave Maldonado not before a month. So
Gulliver was asked to visit the nearby island of Glubbdubdrib. A gentleman
offered to accompany Gulliver with a friend on this short trip. The word
“Glubbdubdrib’ meant the island of magicians. All the members of the tribe were
magicians. The tribe married only among themselves and the eldest in succession
became the governor. The Governor must know the magic of summoning anyone from
the king of the dead and command their services for 24 hours. Gulliver was
granted an interview by the governor. Gulliver told him about his various
voyages and adventures. At the dinner a number of ghosts served the meals and
waited at the table. The governor asked Gulliver if he had a desire to talk to
any dead person. Gulliver wanted to see Alexander the Great. At the movement of
the governor’s hand, the ghost of Alexander appeared in a large field outside.
Alexander was summoned in the room. In answer to a question, Alexander
disclosed that he was not poisoned to death as books of history said. He died
of a fever caused by excessive drinking. Then Gulliver was able to talk to the
ghosts of Hannibal, Caesar, Pompey, Brutus and several other ancient
personalities.
Chapter
VIII:
At Gulliver’s request, the governor summoned Homer and Aristotle. The governor
also summoned Descartes and Gassendi. Aristotle admitted his own mistakes in
natural philosophy. He also saw many of the ancient Roman emperors. Then
Gulliver requested the governor to summon a dozen or
so of the modern kings of Europe, along with his ancestors. Gulliver was much
disappointed to know that some of the kings had a barber and other low ranking
persons as their ancestors. He also found how some of the royal families
indulged in cruelty, falsehood and cowardice. By this interrogation of the dead
persons, Gulliver discovered how the world had been misled by writers. They
attributed the greatest victories in war to cowards. He also learnt how a whore
had been able to govern a country through her influence over her powerful lover
in the senate. An army general confessed Gulliver how he won a victory purely
by his cowardice and ill conduct. Gulliver also found that perjury, oppression,
fraud and false praise had played a great part in moulding the course of
history.
Chapter
IX:
Gulliver took leave of the governor of Glubbdubdrib and returned to Maldonada.
Then after a fortnight’s waiting, he boarded a ship for Luggnagg. On the
arrival, Gulliver had to lick the dust before the foot-stool of the King
because that was the custom there. Anyone who wanted to meet the King had to
crawl upon his belly and lick the floor. Gulliver carried out the ritual. He
had to utter certain words in the praise of the King in their language. The
King was greatly pleased with Gulliver’s visit. He asked his officials to look
after Gulliver properly and to show him every courtesy. Gulliver stayed three
months in the country. He was very warmly treated there.
Chapter
X:
Gulliver found the people of Luggnagg very polite and generous. One day
Gulliver was asked if he had seen or met any of the immortals of this land. He
was told that Luggnagg had many immortals. They were called Struldbruggs.
Gulliver naturally thought them to be very fortunate persons. Gulliver was
asked what he would do if he had been immortal. Gulliver replied that first of
all he would make himself extremely rich. He would then give himself to the
study of arts and sciences in order to become most learned. And finally he would
record the behaviour and actions of all the important rulers and statesmen. He
would become a living treasury of knowledge and wisdom.
Gulliver was shocked and surprised to know that the immortals of Luggnagg were
not so fortunate as he had imagined them to be. The immortals were the most
miserable persons in the land. They longed for death which didn’t come to them.
They were peevish, morose and vain. They were incapable of friendship and dead
to all affection and love. Whenever they saw a funeral, they lamented that they
couldn’t die and get peace. Gulliver was shown a group of immortals. They
presented the most horrible sight he had ever seen. On seeing their terrible
and miserable condition, Gulliver no longer wished for immortality.
Chapter
XI:
Gulliver obtained the permission of the King of Luggnagg to leave the country.
He wanted to go to Japan and from there to proceed to his native country. The
King honoured him with a letter of recommendation to the Emperor of Japan and
presented him with a large quantity of gold. Gulliver landed in Japan after
three weeks. The letter of recommendation proved very useful in Japan. The
Emperor exempted him from the ceremony of trampling upon the crucifix. Gulliver
posed to be a Dutch man as only the Dutch were permitted to enter Japan from
Europe.
The King helped Gulliver to reach Nagasac (Nagasaki) on 9th June, 1709. There
he boarded a Dutch ship “Amboyna’ bound for Amsterdam. From Amsterdam he soon
afterward sailed to England where he arrived after an absence of five and a
half years. From the port he went straight to Redriff. He was happy to meet his
wife and children who were in good health.
PART IV
A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF HOUYHNHNMS
Chapter
I:
Gulliver stayed with his wife and children for about 5 months. Then he accepted
an offer made to him by the captain of ship named “Adventure’. The ship sailed
from Portsmouth on the 7th September, 1710. In the course of his new voyage,
Gulliver was attacked by the members of the crew. Most of the crew had
previously been pirates. They took charge of the ship. They threw Gulliver down
on the sea-coast and sailed away. So Gulliver found himself all alone in a new
and strange country. Then he walked into the interior of the country. He
expected to find hostile savages. He could see tracks of human feet, cows and
horses. The shape of the animals were very strange and deformed. Gulliver hid
himself and wanted to observe things still better. He was surprised to note
that animals could climb up trees effortlessly like squirrels. They could jump
and leap with great agility. The female animals were shorter and their breasts
touched the ground between their forefeet. Gulliver soon developed aversion to
these animals.
Gulliver was spotted by one of the strange creatures. He drew his sword. The
next moment he was surrounded by a large number of them. Gulliver’s life was in
danger. But soon a horse appeared. The crowd of those creatures ran away in
great confusion on seeing the horse. The horse stood gazing at Gulliver. Then
another horse appeared and the two greeted each other by striking each other’s
right hoof.
The behaviour of the two horses was quite rational and orderly. Gulliver spoke
to them in his own language and appealed for help. They heard Gulliver and
communicated in their language by neighing several times. Gulliver could catch
only one word “Yahoo’. He also uttered it in a loud voice. The horses seemed
pleased. Then they pronounced another word which Gulliver learnt after several
efforts. It was “Houyhnhnm’. One of the horses signalled Gulliver to accompany
him. The horse escorted him to his abode. He seemed to be the boss. Gulliver
also saw a few of those creatures which he saw for the first time. The horses
called those creatures “Yahoos’. The “Yahoos’ ate the flesh of animals. The
Yahoos looked like human beings but looked quite ugly and detestable. They were
subservient or servants to the horses. The horses were now trying to teach
Gulliver their own language and he picked up slowly. The problem of food was
solved. Gulliver could drink cow’s milk. Gulliver could catch a rabbit or a
bird sometimes and feed himself. He could make butter from milk. The horses
also made suitable arrangements for Gulliver’s stay.
Chapter
II:
Houyhnhnms treated Gulliver like a brute animal better than most of the brutes.
They found in Gulliver some marks of a rational being not found in the Yahoos.
Gulliver’s capacity for learning, his politeness and cleanliness astonished the
chief. Such qualities were absent in the Yahoos. In about ten weeks, Gulliver
was able to understand much of the language of the Houyhnhnms. He gave a full
and detailed account of himself to the master. Gulliver found that among the
Houhnhnms language there was no word for “lying’ or “falsehood’. This proved
that they had never lied. Actually, they had no notion of lies and falsehood.
The word “Houyhnhnm’ meant a horse. It also conveyed the idea of “the
perfection of nature’. In other words the Houyhnhnms were supposed to represent
perfection among animals.
The Houyhnhnms were surprised to see Gulliver wearing clothes. Neither the
Yahoos nor they Houyhnhnms wore any clothes. The master was surprised to know
that the people of Gulliver’s country considered nakedness a matter of shame to
them. The master questioned Gulliver on many points. Gulliver told him about
his people and the government. Gulliver could not uhderstand the cause for the
degenerated and the brutal nature of the Yahoos. They resembled human beings
living in his country.
Chapter
III:
The master couldn’t believe Gulliver’s account of his people and country. But
doubting and disbelieving were little known among the Houyhnhnms. The master
asked if they had any Houyhnhnms in their country. Gulliver told that the
Houyhnhnms (horses) of his country were very strong, swift and industrious. But
when they became old and useless, they were discarded or sold. Gulliver also
told that their hoofs were shod with iron so that they could walk on the stony
ways easily. The master felt insulted that houyhnhnms (horses) in Gulliver’s
country were used to carry people on their backs. He felt more insulted to know
that most of the Houyhnhnms (horses) were castrated to make them more gentle
and tame.
Chapter
IV:
The master of the Houyhnhnms regarded reason or rationality as the supreme
virtue. The master found many faults with parts of Gulliver’s body. He
criticised the flatness of his face, the prominence of Gulliver’s nose. He also
found that Gulliver’s eyes were situated directly in front and couldn’t look on
either side without turning like a Houyhnhnm. The master was very inquisitive
about Gulliver and his origin. Gulliver told him that he was form of honest
parents in an island called England. He was trained as a surgeon and his trade
was to cure diseases and wounds in the body. His country was governed by a
female who was known as the Queen. The people lose their money on litigation,
drinking, gambling and debanchery. Many were guilty of murder, theft, robbery,
forgery, rape, sodomy and so on. The master was shocked and surprised to know
that the people of England had so many vices and evils in them. Gulliver
explained that the root cause of these vices was their desire for wealth and
power. That created lust, envy and malice. The master failed to understand such
matters fully.
Chapter
V:
Gulliver gave an elaborate account of wars in Europe. About a million of Yahoos
(human beings) were killed in long wars between England and France. The
ambition of kings and the corruption of ministers caused wars. Sometimes kings
hired out their soldiers to other nations to earn money. Gulliver couldn’t
claim that his countrymen possessed the faculty of reason. The master expressed
his shock that so many people died in European wars. Gulliver told him about
the destructive weapons of war the nations of Europe possessed. Then he told
the master how lawsuits were fought in English courts. Each lawyer claimed the
just cause of his client. Even the judges who presided over the courts were not
often guided by the principles of justice. There were long delays in the
settlements of law suits.
Chapter
VI:
Gulliver continued his accounts of England. He described him the power of
money. He also explained the value of metals in his country. AYahoo or a human
being could buy finest clothes, houses, land, most costly food and drinks if he
had money or costly metals. The rich exploited the labour of the poor. The
number of poor people was vastly larger than the number of the rich people.
Drinking wine was common in England. The people drank to forget their troubles and
fears. The people ate when they were not hungry and drank when they were not
thirsty. The prostitute female Yahoos in Gulliver’s country suffered from
various venereal diseases and then transmitted them to others. The physicians
were interested in earning money rather than curing the patients. Gulliver told
the master that the prime minister in England was wholly free from joy and
grief, love and hatred, pity and anger. He had a violent desire for wealth,
power and titles. A man rose to the post of chief minister by using shady means
like using his wife, daughter or sister to promote his interest. The monarch
always appointed a chief minister who was submissive and subservient. English
noblemen married for money and dowry.
Chapter
VII:
Gulliver was greatly impressed by many noble qualities he found in the
Houyhnhnms. He was totally impressed by love for truth. They had no notion of
lying or falsehdod. Actually, the noble qualities and virtues of the Houyhnhnms
left such a deep impression on him that he decided to stay in their country for
ever. He didn’t want to go to his native country again. The master had
developed a mixed attitude towards Gulliver. He considered him a superior kind
of Yahoo who had rational thinking but was too weak to run fast or to climb
trees. He also found fault with the laws and the government of Gulliver’s
country.
The master described Gulliver the way of life of the Yahoos in his country.
They were very fond of certain shining stones. Their love for shining stones
proceeded from the same avarice and greed from which the people of Gulliver’s
country suffered. The Yahoos had odious habits of eating. They could eat
everything that came on their way. They drank the juice of a certain root. It
produced the same effect as wine had on the people in England. The master told
Gulliver that the Yahoos were the only animals in their country subject to
diseases. They cured their diseases through mixtures of dung and urine. A
leader of a Yahoo group was a creature more deformed in body and mischievous in
nature than any of the others. The leader had a favourite. The job of the
favourite was to lick his master’s feet and supply him women Yahoos. The
favourite was greatly hated by the group. When the leader discarded the
favourite, all male and female Yahoos discharged their excrements upon him from
head to foot.
The master also described the behaviour of female Yahoos. A female Yahoo would
often stand behind a bush and lure a male. She would take him to a sheltered
place. On such occasions the female Yahoo gave the most offensive smell. From
the master’s account Gulliver understood that the female Yahoos in this country
were no different from the women in his own country. Lewdness and coquetry were
common to all womankind.
Chapter
VIII:
Gulliver watched the behavior and actions of the Yahoos from a distance. They
had already attacked him. There was always a danger of further attacks. He
never went to a place where Yahoos lived without a guard, a horse. Gulliver
found that Yahoos were of a perverse disposition. They were cunning,
mischievous, revengeful and cowardly. The Houyhnhnms used Yahoos for various
labors in their fields. One day Gulliver was bathing in a river. A female
suddenly rushed towards him and caught him in a close embrace. Gulliver raised
an alarm and was rescued by his escort, a horse.
The Houyhnhnms possessed many virtues. They were totally governed by reason.
Decency and politeness were their virtues. These were no controversies and
disputes among them. Friendship and benevolence were their favored principles.
They brought up their colts or foals in accordance with the dictates of reason.
After giving birth to a male and a female Houyhnhnm, a female Houyhnhnm stopped
having sexual intercourse with her consort. The caution was necessary to
contain the population. Among the Houyhnhnms, strength was valued in males and
attractiveness in females. They had no notion of courtship, love or dowry. They
wanted to save their race from degeneration by proper mating. They never
violated the laws of marriage and were never guilty of disloyalty. The young
Houyhnhnms showed their proficiency in running, leaping and other feats of
strength four times a year. Every fourth year, a representative assembly of the
whole nation was held for five or six days. They discussed whether there was
excess or shortage of hay or oats or cows or Yahoos.
Chapter
IX:
A grand assembly of the Houyhnhnms was held during Gulliver’s stay in their
country. The issue of the Yahoos’ extermination came up for discussion. The
Yahoos were most filthy, noisy and deformed animals which nature had produced.
However, Gulliver’s master said that he was not in favour of the extermination
of the Yahoos from the face of the earth.
The master had heard from Gulliver how horses were castrated to make them tame
and incapable of reproduction of their species. The master suggested adopting
the method of castration to the Yahoos. In the course of time the whole
Yahoo-race would come to an end. He urged the Houyhnhnms to cultivate the breed
of asses who would prove more valuable than the Yahoos in all respects.
The Houyhnhnms suffered from no diseases and never needed any physicians. They
calculated the length of the year by the revolutions of the sun and the moon
but didn’t divide it into weeks. Their poetry was excellent. Friendship,
benevolence and the praise of the winners in race were their favourite subjects
for poetry. They had no word in their language to express anything that was
evil.
Chapter
X:
Gulliver found himself happy and contented among the Houyhnhnms. Their society
was totally free from treachery, of enmity or evil. They only thought and
discussed honesty, friendship, benevolence, poetry, order, economy and reason
among themselves. Gulliver was highly impressed by the wisdom and virtues of
the Houyhnhnms. Actually, he started imitating their manners and style himself.
One day the master shocked and surprised Gulliver. In the last assembly of the
Houyhnhnms, it was decided that Gulliver could not live in their country. He
was a member of the Yahoo race. Gulliver was grief-stricken to hear it. On
coming back to senses, Gulliver said that he preferred death to expulsion. The
master showed his helplessness and gave just two month’s time to make
arrangements to leave. Gulliver built for himself a special kind of canoe. And
after bidding farewell to his master and others, he sailed away from the shore.
Chapter
XI:
Gulliver left the land of the Houyhnhnms on 15th February, 1715. He sailed away
without knowing where he was going. He touched the land after several weeks. He
was afraid to go far and stayed on the sea-coast for 3 days. On the fourth day
he was attacked by a group of naked men and women with arrows. He was wounded
but succeeded in escaping from them. He sailed away in his canoe and soon saw a
ship which picked him up from his canoe. The sailors were Europeans and spoke
to him in Portuguese. Gulliver replied to their questions in the tones and
accents of the Houyhnhnms. They began to laugh at his way of speaking resembled
the neighing of a horse.
Gulliver remained resentful and sullen. He was not all happy to come back among
the race of men whom he had started hating. In fact, he didn’t want to return
to his own country. But the Captain was bent upon taking him there. The ship
arrived at Lisbon. For a few weeks the Captain kept Gulliver in his own house.
Then Gulliver boarded an English ship and sailed for England. It was on the 5th
December, 1715 that Gulliver landed at an English port. He went to his house at
Redriff on the same day.
Gulliver was received with great surprise and joy by his wife and family. But
he was not happy to see them again. He was filled only with hatred, disgust and
contempt on seeing them. After staying with the Houyhnhnms, he had developed
hatred for the human race. He couldn’t stand the sight of even the members of
his own family. When his wife kissed him, he was so horrified that he fainted.
Gulliver started writing an account of his travels. During the first year he
could not endure his wife or children in his presence. With the money that he
was able to save, he bought two young horses. He treated the horses very kindly
and regarded them as his true companions. He used to converse with these horses
at least four hours a day.
Chapter
XII:
Gulliver gave his readers a faithful history of his travels extending over a
period of sixteen and a half years. His aim was to make his readers wiser and
improve their minds by giving the accounts of his travels. Whoever read the
virtues of the Houyhnhnms, couldn’t fail to feel ashamed of the vices of the
human race. Gulliver claimed that he had written his account without any
monetary gain or seeking any praise from anybody. It was suggested to Gulliver
that he should report his discoveries of new lands to his government. Those
lands could be conquered. Gulliver wanted England and its people to learn the
virtues of justice, truth, courage, chastity, friendship, benevolence and
loyalty from the Houyhnhnms. Gulliverpromised to contemplate upon those
excellent virtues which he had found among the Houyhnhnms. He would also try to
instruct the Yahoos of his own family. Their smell still continued to offend
him. Pride, in Gulliver’s opinion was the most hateful quality in a man.
